2017年3月25日 雅思考题回顾

2017年3月25日 雅思考题回顾

听力部分

Section	版本号	场景	题型
One		注册场景	填空 10

1. Bridge

2. Conference

3. Old fashioned exterior - C

4. With own big garden - B

5. Inconvenient location - B

6. Good choice of menu - A

7. Limited car parking - A

8. 4800

9. Coffee / buffet

10. Cornell

Section	版本号	场景	题型
Two	08213	垃圾回收	填空

11. Waterproof

12. Building / wood

13. Overfill

14. Heavy

15. Open

16. Traffic

17. 4 weeks

18. Stones

19. District

20. plastic

Section	版本号	场景	题型
Three	V110108	演讲的准备工作	填空 单选

Things to do: check accuracy of the 21  references (accurate和accuracy替换)  in the last section

 Try to give  more 22 example (extra和more替换)

问答：

23 when will Karen give her presentation?

At the next seminar

24 what must she do during the presentation?

explain the experiment (前面对应core part)(干扰项summary 是在handout里)

25 by which date must she submit an abstract?

26(th) November （3 December 的那个时间对应的是email to  all the students,而老师要求11.26给他看）

26 where will the presentation take place?

Chemistry lab

27 who will grade her presentation?

The professor

28-30

B (wasn’t a choice)

一开始AD说的是 the same, 最终 went to B in the end

C(I‘ll  do that rather than the full methodology)

F (unless u think it’s more worthwhile to do E? 老师：no 所以否定 E)

答案为 A C F

Section	版本号	场景	题型
Four	11105	美国沼泽的生态	填空 单选

31. Ocean

32. Depth

33. Plants

34. Rice

35. A. The ocean of soil

36. B. The place which is ‘less walked’ misses something

37. B. One’s residential purpose

38. A. Water level is too high

39. Shellfish

40. Spring

阅读部分

Passage	题材	题目	题型
One	环境类	Reducing the exposure of indoor air pollution in developing countries	问答5 + 流程图填空4 + 判断4

文章大意：

文章主要讲解了在一些国家是如何reduce室内的做饭产生的烟雾。 主要有改变燃烧材料，该表烹饪方式以及人们如何选择。

参考文章：

Reducing Exposure to Combustion Products in Homes

Install Sanibulb™ Air Sanitizing, Purifying & Deodorizing CFL Bulbs

A simple and effective way to destroy harmful combustion gases is to switch to Sanibulb™ from incandescent lights. The nano photocatalytic coating employed on this product will oxidize and destroy noxious pollutants released from combustion by simply switching on a light bulb! And, you will reduce your energy consumption and save money in the process as well! Please refer to the Air Purifier Comparison Guide which indicates that Sanibulb™ is better at destroying toxic combustion products then most filters, which merely trap airborne particles and do not remove noxious gases.

Take special precautions when operating fuel-burning unvented space heaters.

Consider potential effects of indoor air pollution if you use an unvented kerosene or gas space heater. Follow the manufacturer's directions, especially instructions on the proper fuel and keeping the heater properly adjusted. A persistent yellow-tipped flame is generally an indicator of maladjustment and increased pollutant emissions. While a space heater is in use, open a door from the room where the heater is located to the rest of the house and open a window slightly.

Install and use exhaust fans over gas cooking stoves and ranges and keep the burners properly adjusted.

Using a stove hood with a fan vented to the outdoors greatly reduces exposure to pollutants during cooking. Improper adjustment, often indicated by a persistent yellow-tipped flame, causes increased pollutant emissions. Ask your gas company to adjust the burner so that the flame tip is blue. If you purchase a new gas stove or range, consider buying one with pilotless ignition because it does not have a pilot light that burns continuously. Never use a gas stove to heat your home. Always make certain the flue in your gas fireplace is open when the fireplace is in use.

Keep woodstove emissions to a minimum. Choose properly sized new stoves that are certified as meeting EPA emission standards.

Make certain that doors in old woodstoves are tight-fitting. Use aged or cured (dried) wood only and follow the manufacturer's directions for starting, stoking, and putting out the fire in woodstoves. Chemicals are used to pressure-treat wood; such wood should never be burned indoors.

Have central air handling systems, including furnaces, flues, and chimneys, inspected annually and promptly repair cracks or damaged parts.

Blocked, leaking, or damaged chimneys or flues release harmful combustion gases and particles and even fatal concentrations of carbon monoxide. Strictly follow all service and maintenance procedures recommended by the manufacturer, including those that tell you how frequently to change the filter. If manufacturer's instructions are not readily available, change filters once every month or two during periods of use. Proper maintenance is important even for new furnaces because they can also corrode and leak combustion gases, including carbon monoxide.

Household Products

Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Paints, varnishes, and wax all contain organic solvents, as do many cleaning, disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, and hobby products. Fuels are made up of organic chemicals. All of these products can release organic compounds while you are using them, and, to some degree, when they are stored.

EPA's Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) studies found levels of about a dozen common organic pollutants to be 2 to 5 times higher inside homes than outside, regardless of whether the homes were located in rural or highly industrial areas. Additional TEAM studies indicate that while people are using products containing organic chemicals, they can expose themselves and others to very high pollutant levels, and elevated concentrations can persist in the air long after the activity is completed.

Health Effects of Household Chemicals

The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly, from those that are highly toxic, to those with no known health effect. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes. Many organic compounds are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.

Reducing Exposure to Combustion Products in Homes

Install Sanibulb™ Air Sanitizing, Purifying & Deodorizing CFL Bulbs

A simple and effective way to destroy harmful combustion gases is to switch to Sanibulb™ from incandescent lights. The nano photocatalytic coating employed on this product will oxidize and destroy noxious pollutants released from combustion by simply switching on a light bulb! And, you will reduce your energy consumption and save money in the process as well! Please refer to the Air Purifier Comparison Guide which indicates that Sanibulb™ is better at destroying toxic combustion products then most filters, which merely trap airborne particles and do not remove noxious gases.

Take special precautions when operating fuel-burning unvented space heaters.

Consider potential effects of indoor air pollution if you use an unvented kerosene or gas space heater. Follow the manufacturer's directions, especially instructions on the proper fuel and keeping the heater properly adjusted. A persistent yellow-tipped flame is generally an indicator of maladjustment and increased pollutant emissions. While a space heater is in use, open a door from the room where the heater is located to the rest of the house and open a window slightly.

Install and use exhaust fans over gas cooking stoves and ranges and keep the burners properly adjusted.

Using a stove hood with a fan vented to the outdoors greatly reduces exposure to pollutants during cooking. Improper adjustment, often indicated by a persistent yellow-tipped flame, causes increased pollutant emissions. Ask your gas company to adjust the burner so that the flame tip is blue. If you purchase a new gas stove or range, consider buying one with pilotless ignition because it does not have a pilot light that burns continuously. Never use a gas stove to heat your home. Always make certain the flue in your gas fireplace is open when the fireplace is in use.

Keep woodstove emissions to a minimum. Choose properly sized new stoves that are certified as meeting EPA emission standards.

Make certain that doors in old woodstoves are tight-fitting. Use aged or cured (dried) wood only and follow the manufacturer's directions for starting, stoking, and putting out the fire in woodstoves. Chemicals are used to pressure-treat wood; such wood should never be burned indoors.

Have central air handling systems, including furnaces, flues, and chimneys, inspected annually and promptly repair cracks or damaged parts.

Blocked, leaking, or damaged chimneys or flues release harmful combustion gases and particles and even fatal concentrations of carbon monoxide. Strictly follow all service and maintenance procedures recommended by the manufacturer, including those that tell you how frequently to change the filter. If manufacturer's instructions are not readily available, change filters once every month or two during periods of use. Proper maintenance is important even for new furnaces because they can also corrode and leak combustion gases, including carbon monoxide.

Household Products

Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Paints, varnishes, and wax all contain organic solvents, as do many cleaning, disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, and hobby products. Fuels are made up of organic chemicals. All of these products can release organic compounds while you are using them, and, to some degree, when they are stored.

EPA's Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) studies found levels of about a dozen common organic pollutants to be 2 to 5 times higher inside homes than outside, regardless of whether the homes were located in rural or highly industrial areas. Additional TEAM studies indicate that while people are using products containing organic chemicals, they can expose themselves and others to very high pollutant levels, and elevated concentrations can persist in the air long after the activity is completed.

Health Effects of Household Chemicals

The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly, from those that are highly toxic, to those with no known health effect. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes. Many organic compounds are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.

单选：

1-5

1.室内污染造成新生儿： low birth weight

2.很多贫穷地区使用有害的 biomass fuel

3.由于 high distribution cost 造成负担

4.special stoves

5.为控制污染开展 consultations

6-9流程图填空题（为控制空气污染项目的开展）

6.pilot projects in China and India

7.review current projects

8.受益人可达 10 million

9.开展范围 international

（答案仅供参考）

Passage	题材	题目	题型
Two	科技	Artists' Fingerprints	段落信息4+完成句子5+选择3

文章大意：

Artists' Fingerprints

Works of art often bear the fingerprints of the artist who created them. Such crucial evidence usually goes unnoticed even by connoisseurs, art experts and conservators. If present, such evidence could be valuable in clarifying questions about authorship and dating. 

A The unique character of ridges on our hands has been recognized for thousands of years. The study of ancient pottery for example reveals the utilization of fingerprint impressions in the clay as a maker's mark. In prehistoric times, we find examples of hand prints in cave painting. Only as recently as 1858 did Sir William Herschel establish its use for identification. In 1888, Sir Francis Galton undertook to refine and formulate Herschel's observations. Identification by fingerprint was first adopted in England in 1905 and received general acceptance worldwide in 1908. 

B The combination of a number of characteristics in a given finger impression is specific to a particular print. The placing of reliance on fingerprint evidence has always been on the assumption (now accepted as a fact) that no two fingers can have identical ridge characteristics. Galton's mathematical conclusions predicted the possible existence of some 64 billion different fingerprint patterns. The functionality of this technique is that the probability for the existence of two identical finger impressions from different individuals is nil and no such possibility has ever been noticed in any part of the world at any time. 

C The individuality of a fingerprint is not determined by its general shape or pattern but by the careful study of its ridge characteristics. Since at a scene of crime, usually only partial prints are found, comparison of a relatively small number of characteristics is accepted in legal practice. In a judicial proceeding, a point-by-point comparison must be demonstrated by the fingerprint expert. This is exactly the principle that must be followed in art related fingerprint issues. 

D Artists in the area of the visual arts use their hands for creation. Their tools, such as brushes often isolate them from the surface they are working on. Inaccurate deposits of paint are often corrected by modeling with the fingertip. Some artists use the fingertip to soften the marks left by the brush by gently tapping or stroking the still wet surface. In some instances, the fingertip was used for literally 'stamping' the fine network of ridges onto the painting. 

E The eventual authentication of a painting by J. M. W. Turner entitled Landscape with Rainbow in 1993 is a good illustration of the process. The painting was discovered in the early 1980's. When the Biros took the painting to the Tate Gallery, in London, to show it to the world's leading Turner experts and connoisseurs. The verdict was unanimous - the painting was a tattered imitation. However, fingerprint evidence was discovered on the painting during restoration, appropriately documented and re-examined by a veteran expert from the RCMP. A match was found between a fingerprint on 'Landscape with Rainbow' and fingerprints photographed on another Turner painting, 'Chichester Canal'. When an independent fingerprint examination by John Manners of the West 

Yorkshire Police confirmed the conclusions that the fingerprints on both paintings were identical, the unbelievers changed their minds. In addition, it is well known that Turner always worked alone and had no assistants. This reduces the chances of accidental contribution substantially. The painting, originally bought for a few hundred dollars finally sold for close to $200,000 at auction at Phillips in London in 1995. 

F In 1998, three envelopes containing old correspondence had been purchased in an antique shop. One of the envelopes postmarked April 2,1915 was found to contain a drawing folded in half. The drawing depicts a woman's head. It is executed in red chalk with an inscription written in reverse with brown ink. The design is faded and worn. Some spots suggest foxing and subsequent discoloration. The paper is yellowed and contaminated. 

G The newly discovered design bears great similarity to that of the Head of St Anne by Leonardo da Vinci, (RL 12533) in the Windsor Collection since 1629. The medium is different, red chalk being used instead of black. The scale of the two images is different so offsetting (copying by contact transference) is not a satisfactory explanation for the new drawing. When the paper was first examined, several fingerprints have been noticed on the verso. One of them was found clear and containing many ridges suitable for comparison, however, no analysis was done at the time due to the lack of reference material. Many of Leonardo's works are not easily accessible and fingerprint data either does not exist or is not published. 

H By chance, on March 30,1999, several clear and usable fingerprints were found on an unusually good detail photo in a publication on Leonardo. The photograph of Leonardo's St Jerome, in the Vatican Museum, revealed no less than 16 partial fingertip marks. The importance of this is that the fingerprints are left in the still wet paint and without doubt the use of the fingertip served to model paint. Since the authorship of the painting of St Jerome is unquestioned by scholarship and has always been ascribed to Leonardo, the conclusion that these fingerprints are his would be hard to argue against. 

I The fingerprints on the St Jerome illustration were scanned and enlarged so comparisons could be made with the fingerprint on the newly discovered drawing. One of them proved to match. The result of our analyses was presented on March 31,1999 to fingerprint examiner Staff Sergeant Andre Turcotte for an independent assessment. He agreed with the findings and confirmed the conclusion. The fingerprint on the St Jerome painting in the Vatican and the newly discovered drawing were created by the same finger. 

J Remember, the authentication approach should rest on strict considerations and rigorous methodology. Only prints that are clearly from the original creative process are admitted for consideration. The reference samples should ideally come from unquestioned works of art with good provenance. Spurious contributors must be eliminated such as assistants who may have touched the painting while still wet. A match is never made unless corroborated by at least one fully trained and experienced fingerprint examiner. 

Questions 14-17

The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-J

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

Write the correct letter A-J, in boxes 29-32 on your answer sheet. 

14.  Mention of fingerprint identification in the legal process. 

15.  The author's advice on fingerprint authentication of arts. 

16.  The use of fingerprint in the ancient time. 

17.  The medium comparison between two drawings. 

Questions 18-22

Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-I below. Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet. 

18 19 20 21 22 

A B C D E F G H I 

The fingerprint in ancient pottery

The science of fingerprint identification

The authentication of a painting without a signature Landscape with Rainbow

When painting, artists 

might use fingers to remove unwanted paint left by brushes. revealed the utilization of clay.

was first used on Galton's mathematical assumption.

was left to identify the person who made it. 

was restored at a high expense.

was finally determined at an appropriate price. 

has been accepted as a reliable system available. 

was preserved at the Windsor Collection.

could be authenticated by comparing with fingerprints from other sources. 

Questions 23 -25

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet. 

23.  The attribution of Landscape with Rainbow to Turner 

1.A  was in overwhelming consensus at the beginning. 

2.B  was first brought forward by the West Yorkshire Police. 

3.C  was rejected by the Biros. 

4.D  was not exactly located for years. 

24.  The drawing of a woman's head contained in the envelope 

a)A  was finished in 1915. 

b)B  was executed in brown ink. 

c)C  was in poor condition. 

d)D  was folded for protection. 

25.  The drawing of The Head of St Anne 

e)A  is the work of Leonardo da Vinci. 

f)B  is softer due to fading and contamination. 

g)C  bears some fingerprints on the verso. 

h)D  is in the Vatican Museum. 

参考答案：

14. C 15. B 16. A 

17. F 18. D 19. A 

20. B 21. C 22. E 

23. D 24. A. 25. B 

Passage	题材	题目	题型
Three	人物传记	广告大亨	选择，summary， 判断

文章大意：

第一段：刚开始广告业的死板，后来出现了一个大佬

第二段：这个大佬的广告创意及思路与众不同

第三段：他参加了美国的广告比赛，设计了一个很少见的肉类广告，用红色的背景和红色的肉进行宣传。

第四段：他参加了美国万宝路香烟的广告策划，当时万宝路的主要受众都是女士，可是他设计了一个当时最有男人味的牛仔的形象，出乎大家意料

结尾段：虽说现在他的一些创意已经过时了，但是他对广告的理解和观念依然被现代人所传承沿用。

参考答案暂无。

写作部分

Task	图表类型	题目
One	柱状图	The chart below shows the percentage of dependent people (children under 15 and elders above 65) among 5 countries and the world average percentage by 2000 and will be in 2050.

Task	题型类型	作文话题	题目
Two	观点类	教育类	In the past, the main role of the teacher was providing information. Today, however, we can get access to a wide range of information, Thus, there is no role for the teacher. To what extent do you agree with this opinion?

>雅思频道　欢迎咨询重庆启德考培学习顾问     

 免费测试真实语言水平和获得语言学习计划，您可以通过以下3种方式联络我们： 

 1、欢迎致电启德教育客户服务中心023-89035588； 

 2、欢迎 点击这里 进行网络咨询； 

获取课程报价